Original Material
Drones over Kremlin controlled manually, launched from outside Moscow, may have used restricted frequencies, says UAV expert
The drones that attempted to attack the Kremlin on May 3 were not launched from Ukraine, but at most from the Moscow region, as evidenced by their size and the likely absence of an attached munition or charge, Sergei Tovkach, CEO of the company Avianovatsii, a UAV developer, told The Insider. According to Tovkach, the UAVs were manually controlled and could have used restricted frequencies to carry out maneuvers.
“The UAVs didn’t fly over from anywhere [too far], they were launched from somewhere near Moscow at most. Two things testify to this: first, the size of the drones – they couldn't have flown from Ukraine due to their size; and second, the charge. They did not have a charge, it was something made of pyrotechnics. It was not a mine, it was not a munition that could do any damage. It was something that could be made from improvised means in Russia [itself].
Accordingly, it is likely that the operator was located remotely. The Ukrainians have known how to use remotely piloted drones for a while now. The operator is sitting somewhere, the repeater is coming through Starlink, or Starlink is installed on the drone – if it’s a heavy drone.”
Tovkach believes that the electronic warfare systems in central Moscow let the drones reach the Kremlin as it is extremely difficult to jam them if repeaters and non-standard frequencies are used.